What happened on a day like today? October 28 brings together events that marked different moments in Peruvian history. In 1544, Gonzalo Pizarro He proclaimed himself governor of Peru after rebelling against the Spanish Crown.
In 1746, a devastating earthquake destroyed Lima and Callaoleaving thousands of dead and giving rise to the devotion to Lord of Miracles. In 1836, the Peru-Bolivian Confederation under the command of Andrés de Santa Cruz.
In 1904, the Yungay provincesymbol of Ancashino identity. In 1942, the Huaura Balcony It was declared a Historical Monument, and every October 28, Callao celebrates the festival of Lord of the Sea.
On October 28, 1544, Gonzalo Pizarrobrother of the conquistador Francisco Pizarro, proclaimed himself governor of Peru in open rebellion against the Viceroy Blasco Núñez Velawho had been appointed by the Spanish Crown to apply the New Laws that limited the privileges of the encomenderos.
Backed by an army of colonists and conquerorsGonzalo took control of Lima and displaced the viceregal authority.
His de facto government represented one of the greatest challenges to Spanish power in America, until his defeat and execution four years laterin 1548, during the pacification of Pedro de la Gasca.
On October 28, 1746, A violent earthquake destroyed Lima and devastated the port of Callao. The earthquake, followed by a tsunami, caused the death of more than 5,000 people and reduced almost the entire viceregal capital to rubble.
In Callao, the sea entered several kilometers inland and only a few dozen inhabitants survived.
The viceroy José Antonio Manso de Velasco He led the reconstruction, promoting infrastructure and urban planning works that redefined the city. The tragedy deeply marked the history of Peru colonial due to its magnitude and its social and economic consequences.
On October 28, 1836, the Peru-Bolivian Confederationmade up of the Bolivian Republic and the North-Peruvian and South-Peruvian States, under the leadership of the Marshal Andrés de Santa Cruz.
This political project sought to strengthen the economy and common defense through a strategic union between both Andean nations.
However, faced opposition from Chile and of Peruvians who saw national sovereignty threatened.
The subsequent war led to its dissolution in 1839, after the defeat of Santa Cruz in the Battle of Yungayending a brief but transcendent integrative experience.
On October 28, 1904 The province of Yungay was createdlocated in the department of Áncash, on the western slope of the Cordillera Blanca. Its capital, the city of Yungay, was a symbol of resistance and memory after the devastating flood of 1970.
The province has a rich cultural heritagenestled between imposing Andean landscapes and ancestral traditions.
It integrates districts dedicated to agriculture, tourism and livestock, standing out for its proximity to the snowy Huascarán and the National Park of the same name, a natural heritage that makes it an emblem of the Peruvian Andean ecosystem.
On October 28, 1942, the Government of Peru officially declared the Balcón de Huaura as a National Historical Monumentrecognizing its significance in the emancipatory feat.
In this colonial building, Joseph of San Martin He first proclaimed the independence of Peru in 1820, making it a symbol of patriotism and freedom.
Located in the city of Huaurathis enclosure preserves documents, portraits and objects linked to the Liberating Armyand today it functions as a museum that commemorates the independence process and the memory of one of the founding moments of the Peruvian nation.
The Lord of the Seapatron saint of Callao, is venerated every October 28 in commemoration of the earthquake of 1746, when his image was found intact among the rubble by the Casavilca couple.
Carved by the Spanish sculptor Juan Martínez Montañésthe figure was initially called “Lord of the Cane” and then “Lord Just Judge”, until being recognized by popular devotion as “Lord of the Sea”.
Its main festival brings together massive processions through the Chalaca streets, and it was declared Cultural Heritage of the Nation for its deep religious and traditional value.
