The Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP) expelled Jaime Aguilar Ramírez, known by the alias Dionisio Rayo, from that transitional justice system, after concluding that he incurred manifest armed desertion and an extremely serious breach of the Conditionality Regime that he had signed when submitting to that jurisdiction.
The decision was adopted by Judge Alexandra Sandoval Mantilla, of the Amnesty or Pardon Chamber (SAI). It was determined that Aguilar Ramírez took up arms after having accepted the 2016 Peace Agreement and became a member of the self-proclaimed Central General Staff (EMC), a dissident organization of the extinct Farc-EP led by ‘Iván Mordisco’.
As a result of the decision, Aguilar Ramírez lost all the benefits granted by the JEP and the Comprehensive System for Peace, including conditional freedom, provisional freedom and other transitional treatments that he had received since 2018.. Likewise, the jurisdiction ordered the referral of the criminal proceedings related to his case to the ordinary authorities that originally heard about them.
According to the resolution, the Chamber established that the appearing party failed to comply with the obligations acquired before the JEP by failing to attend to judicial requests, being absent from scheduled proceedings and abandoning his reinstatement process.
The action that led to the expulsion was strengthened during 2025, when the Amnesty or Pardon Chamber requested information from different state entities to establish whether Aguilar Ramírez had rearmed and was part of a Residual Organized Armed Group. In carrying out this verification, the JEP collected information from the Attorney General’s Office, the National Police, the Agency for Reincorporation and Normalization (ARN), the Ministry of Defense and other entities.
He also contrasted these data with reports from public sources and journalistic publications. The resolution mentions that, as of August 31, 2025, various media outlets disseminated information about the alleged membership of “Dionisio Rayo” to the Central General Staff. According to those reports, The former member of the Farc-EP would have entered that structure since 2022 and would be using knowledge acquired during the conflict to train members of the dissidents in the use of drones for war purposes..
The JEP determined that the evidence collected allowed us to affirm that the appearing party abandoned the peace process and returned to join an illegal armed organization, a circumstance that constitutes grounds for exclusion from the transitional system.
The resolution also recalls that Aguilar Ramírez was summoned by the Truth Recognition Chamber to give a voluntary version within the investigations carried out by the jurisdiction. However, he did not attend the scheduled proceedings nor justify his absence. Subsequently, The Judicial Secretariat stated that it was not possible to establish contact with him and that even his attorney stated that he did not know his whereabouts..
The decision of the Amnesty or Pardon Chamber implies the loss of all the benefits and rights associated with their permanence in the Comprehensive System for Peace. In addition to the revocation of freedoms and special treatments, The measure contemplates the termination of benefits linked to reintegration programs, access to protection measures and political participation.
The Chamber recalled that armed desertion is considered the most serious breach of the obligations acquired by ex-combatants subjected to transitional justice. Therefore, when the desertion is considered manifest, the jurisdiction can adopt exclusion decisions without having to exhaust a formal incident of non-compliance.
The JEP concluded that the case of Aguilar Ramírez corresponds to “manifest armed desertion”a figure applicable to those who evidently abandon the peace process and return to illegal armed activities. The decision became final after the parties did not present motions for reconsideration or appeal within the legal terms.
The exclusion of alias Dionisio Rayo occurs in the midst of the judicial advances that the JEP reports in the different macro cases related to the most serious crimes committed during the armed conflict. According to figures from the jurisdiction, to date 134 charges have been filed against 98 defendants identified as those most responsible for war crimes and crimes against humanity.
In Case 01, which investigates the kidnapping policy of the extinct FARC-EP, 63 defendants have been charged, of which 41 have already made public acknowledgments of responsibility to the victims. Likewise, the seven members of the last Secretariat of that organization have already been sanctioned for these events.
